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Hysterectomy: cancer of the ovary HYSTERECTOMY: CANCER OF THE OVARY
Although cancer of the ovary is less common than cancer of the cervix or endometrium, it is by no means rare. About 900 women in Australia receive this unwelcome diagnosis each year, with most of those affected aged in their sixties, seventies and eighties. On average, about one Australian woman in every 100 will develop ovarian cancer during her lifetime. It is more common in women with infertility problems and also in some families, and less common in women on the contraceptive pill. Because few if any symptoms may be apparent early on, the cancer is usually at an advanced stage when it is diagnosed. At present only 15-25% of diagnoses are made when the cancer is limited to the ovaries. The result is that ovarian cancer is among the most lethal of the cancers affecting women. Less than a third of women survive five years from diagnosis.
Until recently, an early diagnosis — with the cancer localised in the ovaries — was usually the result of an examination for an unrelated problem. New blood tests are, however, being developed that are capable of detecting evidence of some types of ovarian cancer. Advances in ultrasound imaging techniques also offer hope that an early warning system for ovarian cancer will become available in the near future.
The cause of ovarian cancer is uncertain, but studies indicate that women with a close relative who has had the cancer (a sister, mother or daughter) and those with a history of fertility problems are at increased risk of developing it Pill users seem to be at lower than average risk. The surgical removal of both ovaries (oophorectomy) is usual even if only one ovary seems to be diseased. A hysterectomy may be suggested because of the proximity of the uterus to the ovaries. However the desirability of a hysterectomy has to be weighed up for each woman. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and sometimes both, may be helpful.
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